Smokers Have More Complications After Elective Surgery, Study Finds

A new study found that smokers who undergo elective surgery are more likely to have higher hospital costs and more complications.

Respiratory complications after surgery were a major factor in the higher costs among smokers, according to lead author Dr. Aparna Kamath, a clinical assistant professor of internal medicine at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

The researchers looked at data for 14,853 patients who underwent elective surgery at 123 Veterans Affairs hospitals during a one-year period. Thirty-four percent were current smokers; 39 percent were former smokers who had quit a year or more before surgery; and 27 percent had never smoked.

Other findings from the study, published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons, included:

• Costs for former smokers did not differ significantly from those who never smoked.
• Inpatient hospital costs were 4 percent higher for current smokers compared to those who never smoked.
• Postsurgical complications resulted in the higher costs among smokers, not the length of hospital stay.

Quit Smoking Before Surgery, Researchers Say

The researchers noted that quitting even a few weeks before surgery can benefit patients.

“Although our research did not directly address this issue, evidence suggests that quitting smoking before an operation, even as little as four to six weeks prior to the procedure, improves postoperative outcomes and decreases complications in patients,” Kamath said in a news release.

This research may be of particular interest to cosmetic surgeons and their patients, since cosmetic surgery is elective, so patients aren’t usually on a tight time line to get the procedure.

Based on the study, cosmetic surgeons could encourage patients who smoke to try and quit smoking a few weeks before surgery and schedule their surgery after that period.